Numbers Matter

Chapter 10 of Head Frist Java Book

Static is a non-access modifier in Java. It can be applied in blocks, variables, methods, nested classes and so on. To create a static member precede its declaration with the keyword static. When a member is declared static, it can be accessed before any objects of its class are created, and without reference to any object.

For example,

Above Class not create a object yet. but they can access all static one without objects.

Java final keyword is a non-access specifier that is used to restrict a class, variable, and method. If we initialize a variable with the final keyword, then we cannot modify its value. If we declare a method as final, then it cannot be overridden by any subclasses. And, if we declare a class as final, we restrict the other classes to inherit or extend it. In other words, the final classes can not be inherited by other classes.

Once we declare a variable with the final keyword, we can’t change its value again. If we try to change the value of the final variable, then we will get a compilation error. Generally, we use final keyword for constant whose not changed.

We can declare Java methods as Final Method by adding the Final keyword before the method name. The Method with Final Keyword cannot be overridden in the subclasses. The purpose of the Final Method is to declare methods of how’s definition can not be changed by a child or subclass that extends it.

We can also declare a class with a final keyword in Java. When we declare a class as final, then we restrict other classes to inherit or extend it.

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